David Hume was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism. Hume’s work formed the foundation of philosophical naturalism, the idea that philosophical speculation must be grounded in empirical evidence, and he is often grouped with John Locke, George Berkeley, and a handful of others as a British Empiricist.
1. A Treatise of Human Nature: In this work, Hume offers a detailed exploration of human psychology, with a focus on understanding desires, emotions, and habits.
Review: While Hume’s prose can be dense, his arguments are insightful and foundational to the development of Western philosophy. Hume’s perspective on human nature is especially notable for its reliance on observable behaviors and experiences rather than abstract theorizing.
Reason to Read: “A Treatise of Human Nature” is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the empirical approach to human psychology. Hume’s ideas have had a profound influence on fields as diverse as philosophy, psychology, economics, and cognitive science.
In a Nutshell: This work is a deep dive into human psychology, considering our desires, emotions, and habits through a strictly empirical lens.
Key Quote: “Nothing is more usual and more natural for those, who pretend to discover anything new to the world in philosophy and the sciences, than to insinuate the praises of their own systems, by decrying all those, which have been received before.”
2. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: In this accessible and influential work, Hume discusses the limits of human knowledge and understanding, taking a particularly skeptical view of complex metaphysical theories.
Review: Hume’s arguments in this work are concise, compelling, and thought-provoking. His insistence on critical thinking and empirical evidence as the basis for understanding the world has been deeply influential in the development of scientific thought.
Reason to Read: Hume’s work continues to be a cornerstone of philosophical curriculum and his ideas on empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism are foundational to much of Western philosophy.
In a Nutshell: A critique of complex metaphysical theories and an argument for the importance of empirical evidence and critical thinking.
Key Quote: “If we take in our hand any volume; of divinity or school metaphysics, for instance; let us ask, Does it contain any abstract reasoning concerning quantity or number? No. Does it contain any experimental reasoning concerning matter of fact and existence? No. Consign it then to the flames: for it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion.”
David Hume’s work remains influential and widely read today, making him an important figure for any student of philosophy, psychology, and the history of science.