Karl Marx was a philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, and socialist revolutionary. His ideas, encapsulated in works like “The Communist Manifesto” and “Capital,” have had a profound impact on global politics and economics, shaping the course of the 20th century. 1. The Communist Manifesto: This is a political pamphlet and one of the … Read more

Ursula K. Le Guin was a master of speculative fiction, exploring themes of gender, politics, religion, and environmentalism in her thought-provoking works. Her mastery over language and storytelling made her one of the most celebrated authors of her time. 1. The Dispossessed: A philosophical science fiction novel that explores the contrasts between anarcho-syndicalist and capitalist … Read more

Known as a pioneer of the science-fiction genre, Jules Verne’s writings combine the technological advancements of the age with the boundless creative spirit of the scientific mind. His stories are an imaginative journey into the farthest corners of the earth and beyond. 1. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea: Verne’s masterpiece invites us on a … Read more

A German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter, Hermann Hesse’s work explores the individual’s search for authenticity, self-knowledge, and spirituality. 1. Steppenwolf is a profound work that delves into the protagonist’s struggle with his own duality, between his humanity and his wolf-like aggression and instinct. Review: Hesse’s writing in Steppenwolf is raw and powerful, filled with … Read more

Mary Shelley is best known for her groundbreaking novel, “Frankenstein”, which, despite being written in the 19th century, remarkably forecasted issues that remain central to contemporary debates on technology, ethics, and the boundaries of human agency. Books: Frankenstein The Last Man These are only two of the many works of Mary Shelley, but they are … Read more

Arthur C. Clarke was a British science fiction writer, science writer, and futurist, famous for his short stories and novels, among them “2001: A Space Odyssey”, and as a host and commentator in the British television series “Mysterious World”. 1. “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968) In a Nutshell: “2001: A Space Odyssey” is a narrative … Read more

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the overall development of modern political, sociological, and educational thought. 1. “The Social Contract” (1762) In a Nutshell: “The Social Contract” is a milestone in political … Read more

John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, political economist, civil servant, and one of the most influential thinkers in the history of liberalism. He contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy. 1. “On Liberty” (1859) In a Nutshell: “On Liberty” is a philosophical work that explores the nature and limits of the … Read more

Michel de Montaigne was a significant figure of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. He became famous for his ability to merge serious intellectual exercises with casual anecdotes and autobiography. 1. “Essays” (1580) In a Nutshell: This groundbreaking collection of essays covers a vast array of topics, showcasing Montaigne’s … Read more

John Locke was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, commonly known as the “Father of Liberalism”. His work significantly influenced the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, and they were important to the American Revolution and the French Revolution. 1. … Read more