John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, political economist, civil servant, and one of the most influential thinkers in the history of liberalism. He contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy.
1. “On Liberty” (1859)
In a Nutshell: “On Liberty” is a philosophical work that explores the nature and limits of the power that can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual.
Review: Mill’s arguments in “On Liberty” are as relevant today as they were in the mid-19th century. The work is a passionate defense of individual freedom and a potent critique of society’s tendency to encroach upon it.
Reason to Read: Read this for a profound understanding of the philosophy of liberty and the importance of individual freedom.
Key Quotes:
- “The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way.”
- “He who knows only his own side of the case, knows little of that.”
2. “Utilitarianism” (1863)
In a Nutshell: “Utilitarianism” is a philosophical defense of utilitarian ethics, a theory in normative ethics which states that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness.
Review: “Utilitarianism” is a fundamental text in the philosophy of ethics. Mill’s arguments are powerful and still relevant today, making this a must-read for anyone interested in moral philosophy.
Reason to Read: For its influence on ethical thought and its continuing relevance to contemporary debates, “Utilitarianism” is an indispensable read.
Key Quotes:
- “The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness.”
- “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.”
3. “The Subjection of Women” (1869)
In a Nutshell: Mill’s “The Subjection of Women” is a powerful and persuasive argument for gender equality, made at a time when such ideas were considered radical.
Review: This book provides a fascinating insight into the gender politics of the Victorian era, while its central themes remain relevant in contemporary debates about gender equality.
Reason to Read: A landmark in the history of feminism, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in the struggle for gender equality.
Key Quotes:
- “The legal subordination of one sex to another — is wrong itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement.”
- “That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes — the legal subordination of one sex to the other — is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement.”