Psychology
Chapter 1: The Ottoman Empire (An Introduction to Middle East Politics)
## Chapter 1: The Ottoman Empire and its Legacy in the Middle East The Middle East is the birthplace of three monotheistic faiths of Judaism (2000 BCE), Christianity (1st Century AD), and Islam (7th century CE). The Ottomans tried to regulate Islam across the empire through the Grand Mufti.
Chapter 1: The Ottoman Empire and its Legacy in the Middle East
The Middle East is the birthplace of three monotheistic faiths of Judaism (2000 BCE), Christianity (1st Century AD), and Islam (7th century CE).
The Ottomans tried to regulate Islam across the empire through the Grand Mufti.
In the 18th and 19th century, the sovereignty of the Sultan of his subject eroded because of the “Capitulation Treaties” signed in 1536 by Sultan Suleiman. This treaty exempted French citizens who lived in the Empire from taxes. Other European groups exploited these conditions until the 19th century, when theory granted citizenship to non-Muslim groups in the Empire.
This led to economic stagnation which saw the Ottomans default on their debts to Europe. This led to the creation of OPDA (Ottoman Public Debt Administration) in 1881, which was controlled by European financial institutions that would manage Ottoman state revenues for forgiveness for half of Ottoman debt. The Ottomans thus relinquished a lot of decision making, which led to resentment towards the European powers, and the desire for more independence.
The Europeans at first dealt informally with Christians throughout the Empire and established trade relationships with them – the Christian subsidiaries gained power within the Empire. The Christian position was enhanced because of the tax breaks they got, which allowed them to sell for cheaper prices than Muslim merchants.
YARPP List
Related posts:
- The Munk Debate On The Rise of Populism
- Law 26: Keep Your Hands Clean (The 48 Laws of Power)
- Chapter 21: Meditation (21 Lessons for the 21st Century)
- Strategy 10: Create a Threatening Presence (The 33 Strategies of War)
Keep Reading
Related Articles
Psychology
Chapter 17: Post-truth (21 Lessons for the 21st Century)
A prevalent idea today is that we live in a post-truth world. That fake news and political figures like Trump and Putin have driven the world away from their ability to recognize truth from fiction. In this chapter, Harari gives us countless examples to show how this is false.
Psychology
Chapter 6: The Problem of Freud’s Character (The Denial of Death)
Freud was an atheist but when it came to the nature of man, he was as religious as the theologian Kierkegaard. He thought that man’s creatureliness was his fundamental nature.
Psychology
Chapter 8: Respect the Process – Mastery (The 50th Law)
> ALL OF MAN’S TROUBLES COME FROM NOT KNOWING HOW TO SIT STILL, ALONE IN A ROOM.—Blaise Pascal Before music, the only way Curtis Jackson thought he could make money was to sell drugs, since all the people he knew that had money made it that way.
Psychology
Chapter 15: Ignorance (21 Lessons for the 21st Century)
From an evolutionary perspective , it has been advantageous to trust in the knowledge of others. But like other traits that may have worked well in the past but may not be useful today, the illusion of knowledge can be dangerous.